Join the
+ONE® MOVEMENT
From small game and upland birds to big game, waterfowl and even the creatures that define the term “top of the food chain," hunting offers a priceless bond with the natural world, food for the table and a welcome respite from the world’s daily grind.
Learn MoreAll About Hunting
From small game and upland birds to big game, waterfowl and even the creatures that define the term “top of the food chain,” hunting offers a priceless bond with the natural world, food for the table and a welcome respite from the world’s daily grind.
GET STARTED IN HUNTING
If just one in three hunters add one new person to our hunting traditions, we’ll secure a strong future for generations to come. Be the one. Ignite the passion that can change the course of someone’s life forever. For all hunting has done to enrich your life, join the +ONE movement and invite someone hunting. Share your experience with posts on social media. #PlusOneMovement.
+ONE Partner Organizations
Working together to encourage responsible mentorship in local communities.
FIND A RANGE
Hunting ACTIVITIES
Deer Hunting
Hear the words “deer hunting” and you’ll likely think of the ubiquitous whitetail—and for good reason. You can find this species in 44 states, usually in plentiful numbers on private and public lands. In five of the six states the whitetail doesn’t call home, you can still deer hunt, but in Alaska and California it will be for the elusive black-tail, Nevada and Utah are home on the range for mule deer, and Coues deer have Arizona for an address. (Trivia: The only state that lacks a native deer population is Hawaii!).
Hunting ACTIVITIES
Pheasants
With a helicopter rise at the flush preceding its zippy horizontal flight for yonder, a long tail that’s distracted more than a few hunters to miss and a cackle that mocks when you do, this gaudy bird reigns the world of upland bird hunting. So popular is this bird in the vast plains of the Midwest that opening day is legitimate cause to skip school, work, church and afternoon college football. If you’ve ever been to an opening day in Pierre, South Dakota, you’ll know exactly what we’re talking about.
Hunting ACTIVITIES
Elk
Considered one of the most majestic animals on the continent, the Rocky Mountain elk is emblematic of western hunting. From the bugling of herd bull monarchs keeping their harems of cows in line to the breathtaking vistas and, oh, those towering tiers of antlers, this is a prized experience for anyone with the patience to hike the miles and put the hours in behind a binocular to plan a stall. Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Washington, Oregon, Arizona, New Mexico and Utah are always top destinations, but reintroduced populations in states like Kansas, Kentucky,
Hunting ACTIVITIES
Wild Turkeys
They’re not just for Thanksgiving anymore! In fact, America’s wild turkeys are as much a sign that spring is here as the Easter bunny. With eyesight that puts an eagle to shame and an all-too-often reluctance to come within range despite the lively “conversation” between bird and a hunter’s slate call, spring turkey seasons are a challenge that see camo-clad, shotgunners head to the woods and fields in droves.
Hunting ACTIVITIES
Waterfowl
Four flyways, colorful species small and large, the art of the decoy and the thrill of a Labrador retriever leaping over the boat’s bow to make an enthusiastic retrieve of goose or duck make waterfowling one of the most thrilling hunting sports around. It’s also one of the oldest—drawings of waterfowl have been found in Ice Age caves, Egyptian tombs and even the artwork of B.C.-era Peru. America’s earliest settlers from “across the pond” found their new home in the East boasted a nearly unlimited supply of ducks, geese and swans—good eating for starving Colonials.
Find a preserve
WHERE TO HUNT
Wingshooting
Hunting preserves—private, regulated properties that stock game animals—are a great resource for hunters. They provide a controlled environment and an increased chance for success. Big-game preserves often include one-on-one guiding, great for novices, while upland bird preserves are a favorite for training young bird dogs.
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Hunting Basics And Tips
| 1 |
Hunting safety is the first priorityWatch a safety video or take a hunter education course to learn more. |
| 2 |
Read hunting laws and regulationsHunting laws and regulations vary from state to state. Learn more. |
| 3 |
Wear proper hunting gearThe more comfortable you are, the longer you’ll hunt and the better the chances for success. |
| 4 |
Essential hunting equipmentCheck out where to buy hunting firearms and ammo for your next trip. |
| 5 |
Go with a friendInvite someone new hunting. Check out the apprenticeship hunting program. |
Obtaining A Hunting License
Hunting licenses can be purchased at various places, including local firearms retailers and angler supply stores, as well as directly from the local wildlife management departments online. States usually require hunters to take a hunter education course before they take to the woods, but many make exceptions if the hunter will be accompanied by a fully licensed and experienced hunter through an apprenticeship program.
10 Tracking Tips to Help Find Your Deer After the Shot
You shot your deer, but it took off. Now what? Follow these 10 tracking tips to recover your deer and make your hunt a success.
Every deer hunter dreams of the perfect shot-but whether the hit is solid or less than perfect, the work continues after you pull the trigger. Tracking is a skill every hunter must master because recovering your deer is just as important as making the shot.
By Bryce M. Towsley
Very rarely do deer "drop in their tracks" at the shot. Once you make your shot, stay focused on the deer noting where it was when you fired and the direction it took off in.
Despite what we may see on television, deer usually do not drop in their tracks at the shot. Sometimes, too, "stuff" happens and the shot is less than perfect. That's when you have to unleash your tracking skills and go find them. Here are 10 tried-and-true tracking tips that have served me well over the years in finding deer after the shot.
What Should You Do First After the Shot?
Tip 1. Stay Focused
After the shot, stay as calm as you can and stay focused on the deer. Watch it as long as you can then listen even longer. Often you will hear the deer long after you can't see it anymore.
Before you leave your stand, pick a clear landmark where you last saw the deer and another where you last heard the deer. Also, pick a landmark noting where the deer was when you shot. Have these landmarks firmly in your mind before you exit your stand. If you have a compass, take a bearing to each of these locations. Snap a few photos with your cell phone or use a small notepad to note the locations or draw yourself a little schematic that shows these three key landmarks.
Before you leave your stand, use your phone to take a photo of where the deer was standing when you shot and the landmark where you last saw the deer before it disappeared.
Go to where you last saw the deer and look for blood and tracks. Remember to look on the bushes as well as on the ground for blood. If you fail to find any, go to spot where you shot the deer and search for blood and/or hair. If you still don't find a blood trail of any kind, go back to your stand and double check to make sure you were looking in the right places.
Next, start where you last saw the deer and walk to the location where you last heard the deer. Watch for blood and other sign along the way. Sometimes it takes a while for the blood trail to start.
How Do Blood Color and Clues Change Your Game Plan?
Tip 2. First Blood
When you find blood, note its location. Is it high up on the bushes and far out from the trail? That might indicate arterial spurting. Does it seem to be in the center of the tracks, even though you took a broadside shot? That might be lung blood leaking out of the nose and mouth. Is the blood in the track? Maybe it's running down the leg.
Is there green gunk on the ground with a little blood? That's a gut shot. Resist the tendency to keep tracking that deer. Leave quietly and come back in the morning, or at least six hours later. A gut shot deer will lie down very quickly and if you leave it alone, it will die in that bed. Usually it will be relatively close to where you shot it. But if you keep pushing and jump the deer, they can turn into the Terminator, unable or unwilling to die and they can run for miles.
When looking for a blood trail, heavy signs higher up on bushes or spurts off the trail may indicate arterial bleeding, which means you should find your deer shortly.
Did you find pieces of bone? Trust me, it's not ribs as so many people think; 95% of the time it is pieces of leg bone. You may get that deer, but it's not going to be easy.
A lot of blood at the start that turns into a few drips and then stops in a ¼ mile or so, is usually a low hit in the brisket. You are in for a long day with that deer.
With a leg or brisket hit, the deer is very mobile and will keep moving if pushed. If you can get some help, it's best to place hunters along the escape routes and hope the deer comes by as you track the blood.
How Should You Mark a Faint Blood Trail?
Tip 3. Mark the Way
If the blood trail is tough to follow, mark the blood you found with toilet paper or torn paper towels, so you can easily find it again. Although many people recommend using flagging material, I don't use it. I know you plan to come back and take it all down, but plans rarely work out. Flagging tape lasts a long time in the woods. Paper towels or toilet paper are biodegradable and will disappear rather quickly.
Often, if you line up several pieces of paper you left hanging on branches you can see a clear direction of travel, which is a good place to continue the search if you have lost the blood and tracks.
Why Stepping Off-Trail Protects Critical Sign
Tip 4. Watch Your Step
Take care to walk to the side of the deer trail. You never want to step on the tracks or the blood. You may think you won't need to come back and find them again, but you will probably be wrong. Leave all the sign untrampled.
What to do When the Blood Trail Disappears?
Tip 5. When the Blood Stops
If you lose the blood trail, make wide sweeping circles that start and end at the last place you found blood. Keep your eyes on the ground and miss nothing. If you fail to find the trail, make a bigger circle. Repeat as necessary.
How a Ground-Level View Reveals Hidden Tracks
Tip 6. Get Low
The recent passing of a deer will scuff up the leaves. Older tracks will settle from time and gravity, but a fresh track will show a bit higher. It's usually not noticeable when standing up, but when you get your eyes to ground level you can often see the trail very clearly.
How to Run a Systematic Grid to Recover Deer?
Tip 7. When All Else Fails
A grid search is just what it sounds like. Divide the land into a giant grid, just like on graph paper. The lines should be close together so that no part of the land is unseen. Walk along these imaginary lines one by one until you find the deer, or some sign of the deer, or have walked the entire grid.
If you simply cannot find a blood trail of any kind, divide the land where you last saw the deer into a grid and walk each grid point until you find the deer or a sign of its trail.
In that case, expand the grid and repeat. Look under every bush and in every brush pile. A mortally wounded deer will often crawl under cover and will die there.
What Lighting Works Best for Night Tracking?
Tip 8. Light the Way
You have no doubt read that when tracking at night, a Coleman lantern, "makes blood glow like neon." The lantern does show blood a bit better than a conventional flashlight, but it's always been a disappointment to me when I have used one. Besides, who has a Coleman lantern in their backpack?
A quality flashlight will show blood like its electrified. It's a good idea to have one in your pocket or backpack when hunting.
Where Would a Wounded Deer Go?
Tip 9. Become the Deer
Walk along while thinking, "If I were a wounded deer, which way would I go?" Just follow your instincts. You may have to return to the last sign and strike out in another direction a few times, but sooner or later the odds are you will find a new spot of blood or identifiable track and you'll be back in the game.
Can Intuition and Terrain Flow Lead You to Your Deer?
Tip 10. Turn Off Your Brain
Another approach is to turn off your brain and just walk. Let the terrain and vegetation guide your feet. Deer and other animals will take the path of least resistance and if you walk in a "Zen" state, going with the flow, you will find you do the same thing.
Once you get in tune with the woods, things like that just happen in the back of your mind. If you try to think about it too much, you screw it up, but if you just let the reptilian part of your brain operate then eons of evolution are suppressed and the caveman in you will come out of hiding and turn you into a creature of the woods, just like the deer. I know this may sound a bit too "new age," but I have found several animals we thought were hopeless using this technique.
How to Read the Land for Deer Hunting in Different TerrainsTracking with Technology
I used a thermal imaging unit in Zimbabwe a few years ago to watch for lions while the PH and trackers cut up a buffalo I had shot just before dark. Back then they were very expensive. Today, there are several affordable units designed for tracking.
Photograph Courtesy of Leupold® & Stevens, Inc.
I have been using a Leupold LTO Quest. This is their entry-level unit and it has a camera and flashlight built in with the thermal sensor. Leupold claims the LTO Quest can detect heat signatures out to 300 yards. Deer season is closed as I am writing this, so I am finding alternatives to test it with. It easily can find my dogs even when they are out some distance.
I couldn't find a blood donor to help with the test, so I spit on my walkway on a cool night. The unit could easily see it, even after several minutes. This unit is sensitive enough that when I stood on my deck in my socks, the unit could detect my foot prints for several minutes after.
This technology may well be a game changer for tracking and finding wounded deer in the years ahead.
Conclusion
Recovering a deer after the shot isn't just about skill-it's about patience, persistence, and respect for the animal. By staying calm, reading sign carefully, and knowing when to push forward or back out, you dramatically increase your odds of success.
Remember: every track tells a story. Learn to read it, and you'll not only recover more deer but also deepen your connection with the hunt itself.
About the Author
Bryce M. Towsley has been writing about guns for 36 years and has published thousands of articles in most of the major firearms magazines. He has hunted all over the world and is a competition shooter in several disciplines. Towsley has several books available on guns, shooting and hunting as well as an adventure novel, The 14th Reinstated. Signed books are available on his website.
Bryce Towsley
Quick Takeaways: Tracking a Deer After the Shot
Stay calm Read the blood Be patient Follow all sign Stay calmMark the exact spot of impact before leaving your stand.
Read the bloodcolor and consistency reveal where the deer was hit.
Be patientRushing can push a wounded deer farther away.
Follow all signTracks, broken brush and scuffed leaves all tell the story.
FAQ: Common Deer Tracking Questions
Even experienced hunters run into tracking challenges after the shot. These quick answers cover the most common questions about when to follow, how to read sign and what to do when the trail goes cold.
How soon should I start tracking after shooting a deer? ExpandThis can vary depending on shot placement. If the downed deer is in sight and you are sure you made an accurate heart or lung shot, you can begin your cautious approach shortly after the shot, keeping your eyes on the deer.
If the deer is not in sight, you should wait 30 minutes to an hour before beginning to track.
What's the easiest way to find first blood? Expand
Start at the point of impact and look for hair, disturbed soil, or leaves with tiny blood droplets.
What should I do if I lose the blood trail? ExpandReturn to the last sign and begin making slow, wide circles until you pick it up again. If needed, switch to a grid search in thick cover.
What's the most common mistake hunters make after the shot? ExpandPushing too soon. A wounded deer can travel much farther if pressured. Waiting and reading the sign carefully increases recovery success.
Deer Hunting Strategies
Field to Fork: Venison Recipes
Venison is lean, healthy, and full of flavor. From simple burgers and chili to roasts and stews, it's a versatile meat that turns your harvest into delicious meals for family and friends.
Smoked Venison Meatloaf Recipe
Everyone needs a little comfort food from time to time, and meatloaf definitely fits the bill.
Read more
BBQ Venison and Sauerkraut Sandwiches
These quick and easy BBQ sandwiches are perfect for a quick venison meal.
Read more
Stuffed Shells with Venison Meat Sauce
This Stuffed Shells with Venison Meat Sauce recipe will hit the spot.
Read moreCelebrate National Hunting & Fishing Day
Celebrating National Hunting and Fishing Day!
On the fourth Saturday of every September, NHF Day recognizes generations of sportsmen and women for their contributions to the conservation of our nation’s rich sporting heritage and natural resources. One of the main goals of National Hunting and Fishing Day is to recruit new hunters and anglers by encouraging participation and increasing public awareness of the connection between hunting, angling, and conservation. Through self-imposed fees and excise taxes, sportsmen and women have raised more than $57 billion--that’s more than $100,000 every 30 minutes being raised for conservation. Now in its 52nd year, NHF Day is the largest, most effective grassroots movement ever undertaken to promote outdoor sports and conservation. Launched by Congress in 1971 and heavily promoted by NSSF for decades, NHF Day is now administered by Wonders of Wildlife Museum and has consistently recognized hunters and anglers for their leadership in wildlife and conservation. Find national, state, regional and local organizations hosting related events.Get Started
Hunting, Fishing, and Shooting Sports are not just great American pastimes – they are the very foundation that supports the model of wildlife conservation created more than a century ago in this country. By introducing new audiences to these activities, we ensure that wildlife and wild places will be protected for generations to come. Hunting is a useful and beneficial wildlife management tool that ensures and maintains the health and abundance of game species and the balance of our natural resources. There are a number of species, from upland birds to big game animals to hunt. Learn more about these species from game bird and game animal organizations.Take the Pledge
Take the pledge and submit a photo of you engaging in outdoor activities like hunting, fishing, or shooting to be entered to win one of 20 Bass Pro Shops gift cards ranging from $50 up to $500!Share Your Images
Upload an image of you hunting, fishing or target shooting and tag @NHFday on social media using the hashtag #GuideToOutside or Upload an image to be featured here!
Hunt Smarter: Top-Rated Mobile Apps for Hunters in 2025
In today's world of high-tech hunting, a mobile phone can be just as essential as a good pair of boots. Whether you're glassing for elk in the Rockies or planning stand placement for the whitetail rut, the right app can help you scout smarter, track game more effectively, and stay safe and legal in the field. Below is a breakdown of some of the best mobile apps for hunters. Need to get sighted in before a hunt? Finding a nearby range is easier than ever thanks to tools like the NSSF's Where to Shoot app and online range finder-helping you turn any location into an opportunity to train smarter."
Weather Apps
AccuWeather and The Weather Channel
At the core of your app arsenal should be a good weather app with more advanced features than your cell phone's default weather app. Most of the popular weather apps are not only free but also offer very similar features.
AccuWeather offers very localized forecasts with features like MinuteCast, which gives precipitation updates minute by minute. AccuWeather also features extended forecasts, radar, weather alerts and more.
The Weather Channel app is like AccuWeather but with a few more content features, courtesy of its established media presence.
Weather Underground
Weather Underground is a solid choice for accessing reliable, general weather data. It includes useful details like sunrise and sunset times-essential for tracking legal shooting hours. One standout feature is its extensive historical weather database, which proves especially valuable when planning hunts in unfamiliar, out-of-state locations. By reviewing past conditions, you can get a clearer picture of typical wind patterns and temperature ranges, helping you prepare more effectively.
Windy
The Windy app offers a detailed wind visualization map that allows hunters to check real-time wind direction and speed across complex terrain. Hunters appreciate its wind compass, gust tracking and comparison across multiple forecast models, enabling smarter decisions about stand placement and movement. Windy offers clarity on how wind flows through ridgelines, valleys and topographical features that can make or break a hunt, making it especially valuable when hunting in hilly or forested areas.
Mapping Apps
On X Maps
onX Hunt is a hunting app that combines detailed GPS mapping with land ownership overlays, allowing users to easily distinguish between public and private property. Users can toggle between high-resolution topographical, satellite and hybrid maps, use 3D views for terrain visualization and download offline maps so navigation works even without cell service. The app's customizable waypoints, tracks and map Layers-for GMUs, weather, wind, soil, wildfire history and trail cameras-give hunters powerful tools for planning, sign marking and in-field coordination. One of the coolest new features from onX is the leafless imagery feature, which provides a view of the terrain after the leaves have fallen off.
Huntstand
Huntstand is a great hunting app focused on the Eastern United States. One of the most unique features of the Huntstand app is the Stand Reservation and Group Sharing feature. It allows members of a hunt club or a group lease to communicate right within the app. Another unique feature is the ability to integrate with the Command Pro trail camera app (Muddy and Stealth Cam Cameras). This allows you to organize your trail camera photos visually and within one central hunting "hub" of information.
Google Earth
An old standby, Google Earth is still a very powerful scouting tool for hunters of both public and private lands. Users can create and save projects, utilize ground-level view (when applicable) and view properties in tremendous detail in both 2D and 3D.
- Pro Tip: Different mapping applications get their imagery from different sources and at different times. It's a great idea to have multiple apps for comparing different satellite imagery offerings.
Basemap
Another hunt mapping option is the Basemap app. Like many of the other options, Basemap offers mapping with the ability to view a property with different layers. One of the unique features is their LRF (Laser Rangefinder Mapping) feature. This is especially useful for game recovery. Simply range the location you want to get to, orient your phone in that direction and enter the range in Basemap. Using GPS, the app will then set a waypoint at that location.
Spartan Forge
Spartan Forge is a newer hunting mapping app that has some features unique to its platform. One of the more popular features is the LIDAR mapping overlay, which allows users to see through the canopy of trees to get a better understanding of the terrain below. It also features a deer movement prediction algorithm, in-app live pin sharing and other features typically found on hunting-focused mapping apps.
Trail Camera Apps
Tactacam
The Tactacam app works with all Tactacam Reveal cell cameras. It allows you to visualize your camera locations on a map via GPS and organize your photos based on location. You can also request on-demand HD photos from within the app for real-time data. The Hunt Sync feature allows you to pause real-time photo delivery during hunts and receive the photos afterward.
Command Pro
The Command Pro app works with Muddy and Stealth Cam trail cameras. This feature-rich trail camera app offers unique features, including camera sharing, which lets you grant other app users access to your cameras. The integrated AI Photo tagging automatically tags animals, humans and vehicles. Recently, Command Pro was updated to include analytics, which help the user pattern wildlife and keep track of data such as the number of photos taken with a specific wind direction.
Cuddeback
Cuddeback trail cameras have been around for quite some time. Their unique "CuddeLink" systems allow you to use up to 24 cameras on just one cell plan. The cameras act as repeaters, sending photos from one camera to the next until they get to the "home" camera, which then uploads the images to the Cuddeback app. This unique system is excellent for properties with cell service "dead zones" because, as long as one camera has service, and the other cameras can "talk to" each other, the system will function.
Rut Activity / Other Apps
Deercast
The Deercast app's detailed weather-driven deer movement algorithm helps you predict deer activity up to two weeks in advance. Built-in tools like rain history and path tracking help you visualize your hunt in the palm of your hand. One of the most popular features is the DeerCast track tool, which offers expert guidance tailored to your shot placement, helping you to make the right decisions about how long to wait prior to recovery.
HuntWise
The HuntWise app is a popular, data-driven hunt forecasting app. Inside, you'll find HuntCast, which forecasts hourly, species-specific movement windows. The RutCast feature helps you make better hunting decisions during different phases of the rut. Lastly, WindCast helps you choose the best stand locations based on wind direction and scent control.
GOHUNT
The GOHUNT app is a powerful tool for out-of-state hunters looking for amazing insights. Visualize unit-specific draw odds in states across the country, share entire folders of waypoints and drawings with friends and view hunting locations in full 3D on your mobile device. If you're looking to hunt out of state or plan your hunt more effectively, the GOHUNT app can be a great place to start.
Streaming Apps
MyOutdoorTV
MyOutdoorTV features many of the most popular shows you'll find on outdoor TV shows, such as the Outdoor Channel and the Sportsman Channel. They also feature live TV channels and semi-live "JustShot" and "JustCaught" content, allowing users to view timely, in-season content.
CarbonTV
CarbonTV provides free access to high-quality hunting, fishing, survival and rural lifestyle videos and series. With an account, users can favorite shows to make it easier to always find the newest content. Along with videos, you can find podcasts and short films on the app as well.
Don't see one of your favorite hunting apps on this list? Send us a message and explain why it should be on our list!
Choosing Your First Deer Rifle
Choosing your first deer rifle can feel overwhelming. With so many calibers, actions, and features available, it's hard to know where to start. The good news? By focusing on a few key decisions, you can find a rifle that fits your needs and builds your confidence in the field.
By Phil Massaro
So, you've decided to join the millions who head afield each fall for whitetail deer season-welcome to a time-honored tradition!
If you plan on hunting deer with a rifle, you'll find a wide and varied selection of styles, sizes and applications. You'll want to choose wisely, for this rifle is going to accompany you on some wonderful adventures and will help you make some fantastic memories.
Deer Hunting Regulations: What You Need to Know
Before you head to your local firearms retail store to do some shopping, you'll need to become acquainted with your local game laws, to ensure that the area in which you will be hunting allows the use of a rifle. There are states and counties that prohibit rifles for deer hunting, while others restrict the type of rifle cartridge permitted for hunting deer.
Check Hunting Regulations by State
There are plenty of choices among the deer rifles, and the correct choice is a personal one.
How Do You Choose the Right Action for a Deer Rifle?
The first thing to consider in your selection of a deer rifle is the action you prefer. There are four to choose from.
Bolt-Action RifleThe bolt-action rifle is undoubtedly the most popular choice among today's deer hunters. Using a bolt with locking lugs to secure the breech when the action is closed and ready to fire, a bolt-action rifle is strong enough to handle the most powerful cartridges. Follow-up shots are fast in practiced hands.
A popular example is the Savage Model 110 bolt-action rifle.
Semi-Automatic RifleThe autoloading, or semi-automatic, rifle is another popular choice, whether in one of the traditional configurations or in a modern sporting rifle (MSR). They offer the advantage of a faster follow-up shot and are usually reserved for shorter cartridges of medium velocity, which are among the most popular for deer hunting.
Learn more about the functionality customizable nature of MSRs.
Lever-Action RifleThe lever-action rifles that were so popular in the first half of the 20th century still make a great choice for deer season, as they are light, handy and are chambered in cartridges that offer enough energy to effectively kill deer. There are modern variations that are chambered for some of the more powerful cartridges like the .30-'06 Springfield and .270 Winchester, while you'll find traditional models chambered for lower pressure cartridges like the .30-30 Winchester and .35 Remington. In the more traditional chamberings like the latter, effective range is generally less than that of the more powerful cartridges chambered in bolt-action rifles, so these lever-actions remain a favorite with hunters hunting in thick cover and where shots are not long.
A good example is the Winchester Model '94 lever-action rifle.
Single-Shot ActionThe last action you have for consideration is the single-shot. While they are often the choice for adults mentoring youth hunters because they break open to easily show an unloaded gun and can, as the name implies, hold only one shot, there are a number of highly accurate, sophisticated single-shot firearms on the market that any adult deer hunter would enjoy. They tend to be lighter in weight than their bolt-action and semi-auto counterparts, making them a great option for still hunters, stalkers and those hiking miles of wilderness. Many offer a switch-barrel option, which means you can fire different cartridges simply by swapping out the barrel, and that provides, essentially, for many guns in one.
A good example is the Ruger No. 1 single-shot rifle.
What Stock Options Work Best for Beginners?
While shopping, you'll find deer rifles outfitted with a variety of stock types. There will be the classic wood stock (usually of walnut), but there are also laminate wood stocks that are both snazzy looking and durable, and many rifles intended to stand up to the rigors of hunting in all the elements wear a synthetic or polymer stock. All make a good choice, so it will come down to your personal preference. Just know that the synthetics will better resist the effects of the elements, but there is something warm and comforting about the feel of a walnut stock, and wood stocks are easier for a gunsmith to alter when it comes to adjusting length for a proper fit. If you like a blend of both ideas, a laminate wood stock makes a great compromise, offering a weather-resistant package yet retaining the feel of natural wood.
I mentioned the fit of a rifle. That's an important consideration in choosing a deer rifle (or any firearm). An ill-fitting rifle will invariably be uncomfortable to shoot-and it can also make shooting unsafe if you can't handle the rifle properly. If the rifle's stock is too long or too short, it will not come up to your shoulder properly, and that can pose a problem if a quick shot presents itself-sometimes one quick opportunity may be all you have at a deer.
Stocks that don't fit can cause poor shooting habits, as the felt recoil can intensify, especially when practicing with the rifle. Any firearms retail store with knowledgeable salespeople will encourage you to shoulder any rifle you're considering to ensure the fit and balance work with your frame. When evaluating fit that way, also keep in mind the weather in your area during deer season, as a heavy hunting coat and layers underneath will absolutely affect the way your rifle fits. Even if you're shopping in summer, bringing along the coat and other upper body layers you might be wearing in November could make the difference in choosing a gun that's a joy to shoot and one that's awkward.
A short-action Savage Model 11, chambered in .308 Winchester and stocked in the LadyHunter configuration with a shorter buttstock, is a perfect choice for women heading to the deer woods.
Do You Need a Scope for Deer Hunting?
Unless your hunting area is thickly wooded and shots will be very close, odds are you'll want to take full advantage of a telescopic sight mounted on top of your rifle. They allow for precise shot placement, and there are models available for all sorts of hunting scenarios and in prices from budget-saver to budget-buster. For your first deer rifle, I'd make sure that your choice can easily accommodate having a scope mounted on it.
Rifle Scope Resources
Mounting a Rifle Scope The Parts of a Rifle Scope The Numbers on Your Scope Rifle Scope Reticle Options
A pair of bolt-action rifles, the Winchester Model 70 and Ruger Model 77 MkII, each a great choice for general deer hunting.
Which Caliber Is Best for a First Deer Rifle?
You'll see many different cartridges available among the deer rifles, so many that it can be almost overwhelming. My recommendation for a first deer rifle would be to choose one of the more popular calibers, so that ammunition will be readily available at all times. The classic .30-'06 Springfield, the .308 Winchester, the 6.5 Creedmoor, .243 Winchester and .270 Winchester all make excellent choices for all-around deer hunting, as they are just as effective at longer ranges as they are up-close and personal. For the lever-action, the .30-30, .444 Marlin and even the .45-70 are great choices and should also be readily available at retailers. All are easy enough on the shoulder for a shooter to become proficient, and all are readily available in almost all sporting goods stores that sell ammunition.
There are dozens and dozens and dozens of cartridges out there old, new and in between, and every year a new crop is introduced. Get your first hunts in with a rifle that's easy for you to shoot and chambered in a cartridge that you can find at just about any retail store. Then, once you have that first venison burger or tenderloin wrapped in bacon, I can almost guarantee you'll be hooked on deer hunting and exploring new places to hunt and ways to be more successful. Cartridge choice is one way to improve your success when tailored to the habitat your hunting and how your hunting, so while the get-'em-done cartridges I listed above will indeed get the job done, trying a new cartridge and rifle combination ups the entertainment quotient considerably.
The Winchester Model 94, chambered in .30-30 Winchester, still makes a solid deer rifle, especially in the East where shots tend to be closer in thick forest habitat.
How Much Should You Spend on Your First Deer Rifle?
The cost of a deer rifle can easily range from a few hundred dollars to several thousand, depending on your budget and taste. The good news is that many rifles models referred to as "entry-level" are better now than they ever have been. While they may lack some frills, you will find that they are as dependable and accurate as their fancier upgraded versions, able to literally serve for a lifetime of deer hunting. In fact, many times, models in a manufacturer's series lineup will all be the same rifle mechanically, but the upgraded versions will be dressed up with a camo-clad or higher grade wood stock or wear a Cerakote finish on their metal parts. Cosmetics are nice, and some do help ward off wear and tear, but they don't make the gun shoot any better. Perusing the used gun racks of your favorite area retails should also be something to consider. Not only can a great find there net you a bargain, finding them with scopes already mounted is commonplace, and many retailers these days are carefully vetting their used guns before they offer them for sale and offering warranties.
While I have hunted with models up and down the price range, I've noticed that none of the deer I've killed were much concerned with the price tag or pedigree of the rifle I carried. Yes, I do enjoy the finer points of a classic rifle, the upgraded wood, high-polished blue metal, and finely tuned action and trigger, but I'll will readily head to the deer woods with any current production rifle right off the rack-and I won't wince when the stock gets a scratch on it.
Shopping for your deer rifle is one of the best parts of deer hunting. It is one that's a very personal choice, and once you find the one that's you-and you kind of know it when you shoulder it, it's just that kind of feeling-your rifle will invariably become an old friend quickly.
Conclusion: Confidence Over Complexity
Choosing your first deer rifle can feel overwhelming, but it doesn't have to be. Focus on the fundamentals-action, stock, optics, caliber, and budget-and you'll end up with a rifle that fits you, not just your wallet.
More than the gear itself, what matters most is practice and confidence. The best rifle for you is the one you can shoot comfortably and accurately every time. Pair that rifle with safe handling, plenty of range time, and a respect for the hunt, and you'll be well on your way to building lasting deer hunting memories.
About the Author
Phil Massaro's expertise both with firearm and sentence has quickly given him a hard-earned reputation in the outdoor industry. Hunting in his native New York state since the age of 14, Massaro now travels the world, pursuing everything from the whitetails and black bears of New England to red stag in Scotland, Cape buffalo in Zambia and Mozambique, elephant in Zimbabwe and water buffalo in Australia. His work appears regularly in the NRA's American Hunter and Shooting Illustrated, Gun Digest, Guns & Ammo and Dallas Safari Club's Game Trails Magazine, often accompanied by the photography of his wife, Suzie, also an avid hunter. When not writing or hunting, he works as a professional land surveyor alongside his father, and he also manages to squeeze in time at the reloading bench of Massaro Ballistic Laboratories, the custom ammunition company he founded.
Phil Massaro
Quick Takeaways: Choosing Your First Deer Rifle
Action Stock Optics Caliber Budget ActionBolt-action rifles are reliable, simple and beginner-friendly.
StockSynthetic stocks are durable; wood stocks offer classic feel but need more care.
OpticsA quality scope makes a big difference for accuracy and confidence.
Caliber.243, .270 and .308 are proven beginner calibers for deer hunting.
BudgetA reliable entry-level rifle costs less than you might think-focus on fit, not flash.
FAQ: Beginner Deer Rifle Questions
Hunters often ask practical questions about adapting their tactics to different landscapes. These answers cover the most common terrain-specific challenges and strategies.
What is the best type of rifle for a beginner deer hunter? ExpandMost new hunters start with a bolt-action rifle. It's dependable, easy to maintain, and widely available in beginner-friendly calibers.
Which caliber should I choose for my first deer rifle? ExpandPopular beginner calibers include .243, .270, and .308. They balance manageable recoil with enough power for ethical deer harvests.
Do I really need a scope as a beginner? ExpandYes. A good entry-level scope improves accuracy and builds confidence. Even a basic 3-9x scope can make a big difference for new hunters.
How much should I spend on my first deer rifle? ExpandYou don't need the most expensive rifle to be successful. Many reliable models fall between $400-$700. Prioritize fit, comfort, and dependability.
Should I buy new or used for my first rifle? ExpandBoth options can work. A new rifle ensures warranty and reliability, while a used rifle may save money if purchased from a trusted source.
Deer Hunting Strategies
Deer Hunting 101
Online Course
The Official NDA Deer Hunting Course will teach you where to hunt, deer hunting tips and strategies, the best rifle for hunting deer, and much more.
LEARN MOREField to Fork: Venison Recipes
Venison is lean, healthy, and full of flavor. From simple burgers and chili to roasts and stews, it's a versatile meat that turns your harvest into delicious meals for family and friends.
Smoked Venison Meatloaf Recipe
Everyone needs a little comfort food from time to time, and meatloaf definitely fits the bill.
Read more
BBQ Venison and Sauerkraut Sandwiches
These quick and easy BBQ sandwiches are perfect for a quick venison meal.
Read more
Stuffed Shells with Venison Meat Sauce
This Stuffed Shells with Venison Meat Sauce recipe will hit the spot.
Read moreHow to Hunt Turkeys: Everything Beginners Need to Know
Whether you're drawn to the crisp stillness of spring mornings or the golden hues of a fall forest, hunting wild turkey offers an exciting, accessible way to connect with nature and learn valuable skills.
In this guide, you'll learn the basics of how to hunt turkey, what gear you need, where to go and how to stay safe. We'll also walk through species identification, calling techniques, regulations, recipes and ways to get involved with conservation-minded organizations like the National Wild Turkey Federation (NWTF).
Whether you're starting from scratch or just looking for a refresher, this page will help you head into the field with confidence.
Meet America's Wild Turkeys: Know Your Subspecies
The U.S. is home to five wild turkey subspecies. Most hunters will encounter one of these four:
Eastern Wild Turkey
Location: Most of the eastern U.S.
Merriam's Turkey
Location: Mountainous West and parts of the Great Plains
Osceola Turkey
Location: Found only in Florida
Rio Grande Turkey
Location: Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, parts of the Southwest
Each subspecies has its own habits and habitats, understanding this, what subspecies you are hunting should factor into how you hunt them.
Turkey Hunting Regulations: What You Need to Know
Before you hunt, it's critical to understand the rules. Turkey hunting regulations vary by state, including:
Where to Hunt Wild Turkey
Turkey hunting is possible in nearly every state and opportunities abound on both public and private lands.
Public Lands
- National forests, wildlife management areas and state lands often offer spring or fall turkey hunts.
- These areas may require special permits or sign-in procedures.
- Scouting is key. Visit ahead of time if possible.
Private Lands
- Many beginners hunt with a friend, mentor or family member on private land.
- In some areas, guided hunts or outfitted experiences are available.
Use NSSF's Where to Hunt Map to find public and private turkey hunting opportunities near you.
What Gear Do You Need to Hunt Turkey?
Shotgun Chokes Ammo Turkey Calls Camouflage Decoys Extras Shotgun
In this video, Travis Sumner with the National Wild Turkey Federation discusses the importance of selecting the right gauge, shotgun, choke, and ammunition for making a clean, ethical shot on a wild turkey. It also emphasizes the need to ensure that the shotgun fits the shooter and to practice shooting at the range to ensure a consistent shot placement.
12 or 20 gauge is the most common.
Chokes
Wild turkeys are tough animals to harvest so a tight-patterning shot is imperative.
In this video, Travis Sumner with the National Wild Turkey Federation explains the basics of choke types used for turkey hunting.
Ammo
Turkey loads in 3" or 3.5" shells with #4-#6 shot.
Turkey Calls
Box calls, slate calls, diaphragm (mouth) calls-learn to use more than one.
Camouflage
Turkeys have exceptional vision. Ensure you are covered Head to toe, including gloves and face mask.
Decoys
Properly set decoys can give you that little extra; decoys can give a gobbler a reason to come in when calling isn't enough.
In this video, Travis Sumner with the National Wild Turkey Federation breaks down the types of decoys, strategy, set-up and safety.
Extras
Turkey Vest: Keeps your calls, shells and tags organized.
Binoculars, headlamp, field knife, blaze orange (required in some states)
Turkey Hunting Tactics and Tips
Patterning Your Shotgun Scouting Using Decoys Calling Basics Safety Patterning Your Shotgun
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Pattern your shotgun before hunting to know how it performs at 20, 30, and 40 yards.
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Always identify your target and what's beyond it before shooting.
Learn More:
Scouting
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Scout before the season to locate turkey roosting areas, feeding zones, and travel routes.
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Look for signs like feathers, droppings, scratch marks, and tracks.
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Set up between the roost and feeding areas-preferably before first light.
Using Decoys
- In spring, hen and jake decoys attract curious gobblers.
- Place decoys in open areas where turkeys can see them.
- Don't overdo it. Sometimes one hen decoy is enough.
Calling Basics
- Start simple with a push-button or box call.
- Use soft yelps and purrs to simulate a hen.
- Listen and respond-don't call too aggressively if turkeys are quiet.
- In fall, you may imitate turkey flock sounds instead of gobbles.
In this video, Travis Sumner with the National Wild Turkey Federation explains the basics of turkey calling.
Safety
Decoy Safety
Like every aspect of hunting, safety is a key concern when using decoys. Here are a few tips on decoy safety.
Ground Blind Safety
Turkeys have incredible eyesight, so camouflage is a must-but so is staying visible to other hunters.
- Use hunter orange when moving in or out of the woods.
- If using a ground blind, mark it clearly with orange from all sides.
- Never stalk turkey sounds-other hunters may be calling.
Learn More:
Join the Turkey Hunting Community
Get Involved
Meet the NWTF
Founded in 1973, the National Wild Turkey Federation (NWTF) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to restoring wild turkey populations and preserving North America's turkey hunting heritage.
Join the NWTF
Join the NWTF today and receive Turkey Call magazine, gear discounts, seed subsidies and access to mentored events near you.
Find Your Local Chapter
Start turkey hunting with support, safety and community behind you.
Ready to Start? Your Next Steps
There's no better time to start turkey hunting. With a bit of scouting, some practice with your calls, and the right gear, you'll be ready to experience one of America's most exciting and accessible hunts.
1 | Take a hunter safety course
2 | Learn your local regulations
3 | Gear up and scout your area
4 | Practice calling and pattern your shotgun
5 | Find a mentor or join a local NWTF chapter
6 | Enjoy the sunrise and be patient
Turkey Hunting 101
The Official NWTF Turkey Hunting Course will teach you where to hunt, turkey hunting tips and strategies, the best shotgun for hunting turkey, and much more.
Field to Fork: Wild Turkey Recipes
Harvesting a wild turkey is rewarding but enjoying it around the dinner table with friends and family can make it that much better.
Wild Turkey Buffalo Cheese Dip
Make a creamy dip everyone will love.
Wild Turkey Schnitzel Recipe
This breaded and fried recipe is always a fan favorite.
"Instant Pot" Wild Turkey and Dumplings
Looking for a quick and easy way to use your wild turkey legs and thighs?
Mentorship in the Duck Blind: Living the +ONE Promise
Hunt Like a Girl and Beretta USA: Champions of the +ONE Movement.
By Daphane Cassidy, NSSF Content Manager
There are moments in life that stay with you, not because of grand spectacle, but because of stillness, presence and a kind of quiet reverence that settles deep in your bones. For me, one of those moments didn't come during the shot or the celebration, but in the still blue hour before it all began, standing in a sunken pond blind, surrounded by reeds and mist, with a shotgun in hand and half a dozen women breathing deeply beside me.
Sharing our experience of the Hunt Like A Girl +ONE Waterfowl Hunt: Sponsored by Beretta. (Videography by: Sara Liberte)
Hunt Like A Girl +ONE® Waterfowl Hunt
There's something uniquely powerful about watching someone experience their first hunt. As a long-time advocate of the shooting sports and a proud representative of NSSF's +ONE Movement, I've mentored many newcomers over the years but every hunt feels new again when you're guiding someone who's never stepped afield before. That's exactly what happened during the Hunt Like A Girl +ONE Waterfowl Hunt, held in partnership with Shoot Like a Girl, Beretta USA and NSSF, at Rocky Creek Retrievers in El Campo, Texas.
From the moment we arrived, the energy was electric, an eager blend of nervous anticipation and pure excitement. This wasn't just another event. It was a culmination of passion, mentorship and legacy-building. Four women, ranging from seasoned professionals to industry newcomers, had each invited a guest who had never duck hunted before. Some of these first-timers had never held a firearm. Some had been around hunting their whole lives, but just never had the opportunity to go. One of our newbies was here at the request of her sister, two were brought by colleagues and one was a friend chosen by our passionate +ONE contest winner. While coming from different backgrounds and comfort levels, what united them all was an openness to try something new and the courage to step outside their comfort zones.
The whole +ONE group together in the duck blind. (Photography by: Alexis Greene)
As part of NSSF's +ONE Movement, the goal was simple but transformational: bring someone new afield. The idea that if every hunter took just one person with them, we could change the trajectory of America's hunting heritage. And on this trip, we didn't just talk about it, we lived it.
The +ONE Vision in Action
The +ONE Movement is built on a simple truth: When we invite others to hunt or shoot for the first time, we pass down something deeper than skill; we pass down a way of life. It's not just a campaign, it's a cultural shift. And this hunt was a living, breathing embodiment of that vision.
(Photography by: Alexis Greene)
For me, mentoring is more than just a responsibility; it's a gift. You get to share in the adrenaline of a first shot, the quiet reverence of a morning sunrise over decoys and the genuine pride that comes from helping someone do something they never imagined themselves capable of. You see, the moment fear dissolves into confidence, when a woman who was hesitant to pick up a shotgun now smiles after folding her first bird over open water. You see self-doubt replaced with laughter and stories, shared around the fire or while walking through the field.
I had the honor of mentoring a few of the first-time hunters, guiding them through safety basics, shotgun handling and what to expect in a duck blind. Their nerves were real and completely understandable. But what never fails to inspire me is how fast that anxiety turns to exhilaration with the right encouragement and support.
The magic wasn't in instruction alone; it was in companionship. We laughed, learned, whispered advice and encouragement across the decoys. I watched one guest who was hesitant to even pick up her shotgun on day one light up when she successfully harvested a bird on day two. Another guest cried, not out of sorrow, but from the emotional weight of doing something she never thought she could do. She was joyful, overwhelmed, respectful of the life taken and empowered all at once. And honestly? So were we.
As mentors, we got to witness the +ONE movement from both sides: as seasoned hunters and as students once more, reminded of the awe and responsibility that comes with every shot.
The Morning Grounding: Becoming Present in the Blind
Each day began with what I can only describe as a grounding ritual, from the guidance of Karen Butler, Shoot Like a Girl founder, I was encouraged to create this moment for our hunters and step strongly into my role as a "Hunt Like a Girl" Mentor. Before any shots were fired, before any birds came into sight, we paused. We sat in that sunken blind, dew still clinging to the grass around us, fog curling low over the water and the horizon just starting to burn with the blush of sunrise.
Mornings from the duck blind. (Photography by: Alexis Greene)
We took a breath together.
We felt the wind on our faces and the earth beneath our boots. We noticed the weight of our shotguns in our hands. We listened to the reeds rustling, to the wings above, to each other. And we reminded ourselves to be here. Fully present. We were not just having an experience but creating this peaceful memory in nature, which we could always return to in our minds. It wasn't just about what happened, but how deeply we felt it.
I watched women with no prior hunting experience close their eyes and take it in. Later, several people came to me and said they felt goosebumps during that moment, as if something within them had shifted. They were completely present.
As a mentor, it was powerful beyond words. We weren't just preparing for a hunt; we were stepping into a moment that could anchor us for years to come.
Processing the Harvest: Turning Experience into Ownership
For many, the idea of cleaning and processing a harvested duck is intimidating. But that, too, is where empowerment lives, in the doing. Duck hunting, especially for first-timers, offers a uniquely approachable transition into game processing. With a small knife, a clear technique and a little guidance, anyone can go from uncertainty to capability in a single afternoon.
Learning the full process from hunt to harvest. (Photography by: Alexis Greene)
I watched it happen over and over. Women who hesitated at first now worked with focused hands and growing confidence, processing their ducks with care and purpose. You could see it on their faces: I did this. Not just the shot, but the follow-through. They were now providers in the most primitive sense.
That evening, we ate what we had harvested. It wasn't just dinner, it was a culmination. A celebration. The connection from blind to table made it real in a way no words or photos could. One participant turned to me and said, "I didn't know I could feel this way, so full, so proud, so connected."
The Power of Partnership
It's important to say that this hunt wouldn't have been possible without the deep collaboration between Beretta USA, Hunt Like A Girl and NSSF. Beretta didn't just provide equipment; they brought legacy. Their 500-year tradition in firearms was woven into everything we touched, from the smooth action of their 20-gauge shotguns to the warmth and functionality of the women's tactical and hunting gear. The women didn't just use Beretta gear; we lived in it.
And Hunt Like A Girl, what a force. Their team of women brought experience, mentorship and soul to every corner of the field. Their approach to safety, empowerment and connection reshaped how many of our first-time hunters viewed themselves, not just as students, but as emerging participants in something powerful.
Bringing Women In: Changing the Invitation
For generations, women were often excluded from hunts. Fathers and brothers hunted, but the girls stayed home. That's changing and Hunt Like A Girl is at the front of that shift.
One participant told me she'd always been curious about hunting, but no one had ever invited her. Another said, "My dad hunted my whole life, but he never thought to bring me."
That's what +ONE is here to fix. We don't need to talk people into loving the outdoors. We need to invite them in.
Your Invitation
If you've ever wondered whether inviting someone afield makes a difference, let me assure you - it does, because I've seen it. I've seen it in the eyes of women who once said, "I could never do that," and now say, "When can I go again?"
So, I'll leave you with this: Take the pledge. Invite someone. Be the +ONE that changes everything.
Want to experience this hunt from a Newbie's Perspective? Check out this article:
More photos from this +ONE Experience